Turkey

Istanbul

#3

Emerging Startup Ecosystem
Members: Istanbul Development Agency

Top 25

Global Ecosystem in Funding

#4

Europe Ecosystem in Affordable Talent

Top 15

Europe Ecosystem in Performance
Building a strong startup and innovation ecosystem is at the heart of Türkiye’s National Technology Initiative. Istanbul is at the vanguard, driving the nation’s entrepreneurial and innovative future
Mehmet Fatih KACIR
Mehmet Fatih KACIR
Minister of Industry and Technology, Republic of Türkiye

Highlights

With 16 million residents, Istanbul is one of the world's largest metropolises and the hub of Türkiye’s business, finance, economy, trade, education, and culture. Istanbul's entrepreneurship ecosystem is thriving, fueled by a dynamic economy, government support, and increasing corporate investment in venture capital, R&D, and innovation.

The total transaction volume of investments for Turkish startups soared from $497 million in 2023 to approximately $2.6 billion in 2024, marking a 423% increase. The number of investment transactions also rose from 297 to 331 during the same period. Global venture capital investments increased from $344 billion in 2023 to $368.3 billion in 2024. The proportion of startups with at least one female co-founder increased to 32.2%, highlighting the growing presence of women entrepreneurs in the ecosystem.

One of the most notable funding rounds was the $1.1 billion investment by Kazakhstan-based Kaspi.kz, which acquired over 65% of shares in Turkish Ecommerce giant Hepsiburada and stands as the largest funding round in the Turkish startup investment ecosystem for 2024.

Start in Türkiye is an Investment Office initiative supporting startups in establishing and scaling their businesses. It offers access to funding, investor networks, and Türkiye’s tech ecosystem while assisting with regulations, partnerships, and global expansion.

Introduced in September 2024,  The Türkiye Tech Visa is a specialized invitation program designed for professionals with key expertise in technology and startups that focus on innovative business models and technology-driven research.

The Turkish government announced ​an ambitious project, Terminal Istanbul, that repurposes the historic Atatürk Airport terminal buildings into a global hub for technology and entrepreneurship, aiming to host more than 2,000 startups and multiple annual events.

Ecosystem by the Numbers

ECOSYSTEM VALUE

A measure of economic impact, calculated as the value of exits and startup valuations from H2 2022–2024.
(H2 2022 - 2024)
$12.9 BN
GLOBAL AVG. $20.4 bn

NUMBER OF UNICORNS 

The number of startups that meet our definition and have been valued at more than $1 billion and have not exited.
(ACTIVE UNICORNS)
2
GLOBAL AVG. 4

SOFT. ENGINEER SALARY

Average software engineer salary informed by data from Glassdoor, Salary.com, and PayScale, as well as local sources when available.
(2024)
$25 K
GLOBAL AVG. $52 K

TIME TO EXIT

The average age at the time of exit in the ecosystem in 2020–2024.
(2020 - 2024)
9.3 years
GLOBAL AVG. 11.2 years

TOTAL EARLY–STAGE FUNDING

The total seed and Series A funding in tech startups in H2 2022–2024.
(H2 2022 - 2024)
$551 M
GLOBAL AVG. $514.8 m

MEDIAN SEED ROUND

The median of seed rounds in tech startups in the ecosystem in H2 2022–2024.
(H2 2022 - 2024)
$487 K
GLOBAL AVG. $889 k

EARLY-STAGE FUNDING
GROWTH

Early-stage funding growth is based on number of seed and Series A rounds raised between 2021-20222 vs. 2023-2024 and calculated on a scale of 1 (lowest) to 10 (highest).
(2021 - 22 VS. 2023 - 24)
8
Scale of 1 (lowest) to 10 (highest)

EXIT AMOUNT

The total value of exits from the ecosystem.
(2020 - 2024)
$4.8 BN
GLOBAL AVG. $8 bn

ECOSYSTEM VALUE GROWTH

Ecosystem Value growth (CAGR) is calculated based on companies founded in the ecosystem in H2 2020–H2 2022 vs. H2 2022–H2 2024.
(H2 2020 - H2 2022 VS H2 2022 - H2 2024)
-20%
GLOBAL AVG. -14%

MEDIAN SERIES A ROUND 

The median of Series A rounds in tech startups in the ecosystem in H2 2022–2024.
(H2 2022 – 2024)
$2 M
GLOBAL AVG. $6.8 m

TOTAL VC FUNDING

The total VC funding (seed, Series A, Series B+) in tech startups in H2 2022–2024.
(2020 - 2024)
$6.4 BN
GLOBAL AVG. $5.2 bn

EXIT COUNT (#)

The number of exits from the ecosystem.
(2020 - 2024)
99
10
2020
18
2021
28
2022
20
2023
23
2024
GLOBAL AVG. 86

Sub-Sector Strengths

Gaming
Gaming

The Turkish gaming market, currently valued at approximately $1.5 billion, is projected to surpass $2 billion within the next two years. This growth is supported by 13 game-focused venture funds and accelerators that offer early-stage funding and strategic mentorship, enabling local talent to grow their ventures effectively. Türkiye's gaming industry is set to produce five unicorns in a decade, with EntertechIstanbul investing in 25 startups over five years, backed by the Ministry of Industry and Technology.

AI, Big Data & Analytics
AI, Big Data & Analytics

Aligned with Türkiye's 11th Development Plan, the National AI Strategy (2021-2025) outlines a roadmap for AI development. AI startups led in funding in 2024, raising $715.8 million with Insider, an AI-native customer engagement platform, securing the largest funding round at $500 million. In December 2024, Datapad secured $500,000 in funding from Pitchdrive, e2vc, and Startup Istanbul to enhance Business Data Analytics through AI-powered analyst agents, making insights more accessible and actionable.

Fintech
Fintech

Türkiye’s Fintech sector, known for its strong digitalization, is a top investment area for financial institutions and venture capital. Istanbul-based Colendi secured a $65 million funding round led by Citi Ventures in May 2024. The company aims to raise over $150 million by the end of the year, potentially achieving unicorn status with a valuation reaching $1 billion. These funds will fuel Colendi's expansion across EMEA, GCC, and Turkic republics, aiming to reach 1 billion users in emerging markets like Pakistan and Indonesia. 

Reasons to Move Your Startup to Istanbul

Global Connections

Istanbul's strategic location bridges Asia and Europe, making it a key hub for global business, finance, and startup ecosystems, with direct access to major markets. Istanbul hosts thousands of entrepreneurship events annually such as Take Off Istanbul 2024, which brought together over 250 startups, 125 investors, and more than 15,000 visitors from 33 countries, fostering networking and investment opportunities within the entrepreneurial community.

Young, Tech-Savvy Talent

Istanbul is Türkiye’s hub for young, tech-driven talent, connecting entrepreneurs with skilled professionals from top universities and training centers and fostering strong teams. The Istanbul Blockchain Women Association, in partnership with the EIT Deep Tech Talent Initiative, aims to train one million Deep Tech professionals by 2025, focusing on boosting women's employment in technology and Cybersecurity through specialized programs.

Dedicated Support

The 2024 regulation of Venture Capital Investment Funds (VCIFs) enables VCIFs to invest in startups operating in both Türkiye and abroad, with a special emphasis on Turkish diaspora-led ventures. A new initiative by the Turkish Ministry of Technology and Industry supports tech startups beyond the early stage, fostering unicorn creation, accelerating high-growth potential and expansion into global markets.

 

Selected Startup Organizations

Key Ecosystem Players

Work with us

If you are interested in working with us to drive global attention to your ecosystem, please get in touch with Marina Krizman, Director of Business Development.

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